对于mongoDB而言，学习方式和学习关系型数据库差不太多

开始都是学习如何insert、find、update、remove，然后就是分页、排序、索引，再接着就是主从复制、副本集、分片等等

最后就是通过它提供的各个驱动（比如Java、PHP、node.js等等）来练习所谓的高级用法

另外：相对于Oracle有PLSQL Developer，MySQL有HeidiSQL

mongoDB也不例外，它的图形化工具中有一款叫做mongoVUE的，我用的是1.5.3破解版（不是每15天就得改一次注册表的那种）

下面演示的就是以Java为例，常见的操作mongoDB API用法

package com.jadyer.test; import java.net.UnknownHostException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List; import org.bson.types.ObjectId;import org.junit.AfterClass;import org.junit.BeforeClass;import org.junit.Test; import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;import com.mongodb.DB;import com.mongodb.DBCollection;import com.mongodb.DBCursor;import com.mongodb.DBObject;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.WriteResult;import com.mongodb.util.JSON; /** * mongoDB的Java驱动测试 * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see 配置 * @see 1)下载https://fastdl.mongodb.org/win32/mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.1.zip * @see 2)解压到本地硬盘D:\Develop\mongoDB\中,并配置环境变量path=D:\Develop\mongoDB\bin * @see   然后在CMD下执行此命令验证安装成功与否>mongod --version * @see 3)建立D:\Develop\mongoDBData\文件夹,用于存放mongoDB数据文件 * @see 4)自定义bat文件,分别用于启动mongoDB数据库和连接数据库的客户端 * @see   启动客户端的mongo_client.bat内容为-->mongo 127.0.0.1:27017/admin * @see   启动数据库的mongo_db.bat内容为------>mongod --dbpath D:\Develop\mongoDBData --rest * @see   注:加入[--rest]参数是为了能够访问mongoDB的Web控制台http://127.0.0.1:28017/ * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @see Java驱动 * @see 这里要用到mongoDB的Java驱动包,下载地址http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/java/ * @see ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * @create May 15, 2014 10:17:30 PM * @author 玄玉
    
      */public class MongoDBTest {    private static MongoClient mongoClient;    private static DB db;         /**     * 建立数据库连接     */    @BeforeClass    public static void globalInit(){        try {            //mongoClient = new MongoClient(Arrays.asList(new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27017), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27018), new ServerAddress("127.0.0.1", 27019)));            mongoClient = new MongoClient("127.0.0.1", 27017);        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {            System.err.println("mongoDB主机地址有误");        }        db = mongoClient.getDB("mydemo");    }              /**     * 销毁数据库连接     */    @AfterClass    public static void globalDestroy(){        mongoClient.close();    }              /**     * 获取数据库信息     */    @Test    public void getMetaData(){        //查询数据库中所有的集合名称        for(String collectionName : db.getCollectionNames()){            System.out.println("mydemo数据库所拥有的集合为:[" + collectionName + "]");        }        //查询某一集合中的数据        DBCollection collection = db.getCollection("person");        DBCursor cursor = collection.find();        try{            while(cursor.hasNext()){                System.out.println("person集合所拥有的name为--[" + cursor.next().get("name") + "]");            }        }finally{            cursor.close();        }        System.out.println("person集合中的记录数为----------->" + cursor.count());        System.out.println("person集合数据格式化后的JSON串为-->" + JSON.serialize(cursor));    }              /**     * 创建一个空的"moive"集合     */    @Test    public void createCollection(){        db.createCollection("movie", new BasicDBObject());    }              /**     * 为"moive"集合添加文档     */    @Test    public void insertDocument(){        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();        doc.put("name", "24");        doc.put("season", "ninth");        doc.put("score", 88);        List
     
       actorList = new ArrayList
      
       ();        actorList.add("Jack Bauer");        actorList.add("Counter Terrorist Unit");        doc.put("actor", actorList);        db.getCollection("movie").insert(doc);    }              /**     * 批量插入文档     */    @Test    public void insertBatchDocument(){        List
       
         docList = new ArrayList
        
         ();        DBObject doc11 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Prison Break").append("season", "fourth").append("score", 99);        DBObject doc22 = new BasicDBObject("name", "Game of Thrones").append("season", "third").append("score", 92);        docList.add(doc11);        docList.add(doc22);        db.getCollection("movie").insert(docList);    }              /**     * 根据_id删除数据     */    @Test    public void deleteById(){        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId("5374c6dc5030e0ea4dac8907")));        System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());    }              /**     * 根据条件删除数据     */    @Test    public void deleteByData(){        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();        doc.put("name", "Prison Break");        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").remove(doc);        System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());    }              /**     * 更新数据     * @see 增加email属性     */    @Test    public void update(){        DBObject doc = new BasicDBObject();        doc.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("email", "Jadyer@yeah.net"));        WriteResult result = db.getCollection("movie").update(new BasicDBObject(), doc, false, true);        System.out.println("本次操作影响的记录条数为:" + result.getN());    }              /**     * 查询"moive"集合中的key     */    @Test    public void getKey(){        DBObject keys = new BasicDBObject();        keys.put("_id", false);        keys.put("name", true);        //keys.put("score", true);        //第一个参数表示查询条件,第二个参数表示返回的具体key        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, keys);        try{            while(cursor.hasNext()){                DBObject object = cursor.next();                System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));            }        }finally{            cursor.close();        }    }              /**     * 查询"moive"集合中分数不超过95的key     */    @Test    public void getKeyUseScore(){        DBObject ref = new BasicDBObject();        ref.put("score", new BasicDBObject("$lte", 95));        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(ref, null);        try{            while(cursor.hasNext()){                DBObject object = cursor.next();                System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name") + ", score=" + object.get("score"));            }        }finally{            cursor.close();        }    }              /**     * 分页查询     */    @Test    public void limitSkip(){        DBCursor cursor = db.getCollection("movie").find(null, null);        cursor.limit(0).skip(1);        try{            while(cursor.hasNext()){                DBObject object = cursor.next();                System.out.println("查询到的name=" + object.get("name"));            }        }finally{            cursor.close();        }    }}